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Application documents - magnetic resonance (NMR)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology reveal lithium-ion batteries used in the production of renewable energy

Introduction to the

Lithium ion battery can provide high-performance energy storage, energy efficient to store and on-demand delivery, and therefore is widely used in mobile phones and other portable electronic devices of rechargeable batteries1.In addition, the lithium ion battery as effective energy storage device of reliable efficacy, make it be the first choice of the electric car battery type2.In order to achieve global emission reduction targets and protect the environment, production of electric cars, significant growth, the demand for lithium batteries have proliferated.

Lithium ion battery includes a cathode, graphite electrode and a positive electrode, lithium intercalation electrode, separated with appropriate electrolyte between two electrodes.When providing energy, lithium ion from the cathode move through the electrolyte to the anode, the opposite charge.To support a massive launch electric vehicles, production of lithium batteries, the demand for the corresponding chemical composition proliferated.Due to the expansion of battery production to reduce carbon footprint in the field of transportation, therefore, use of the raw materials of lithium-ion battery production process also needs in a sustainable way2.

To this end, the following the latest study explored how to get from biomass and agricultural waste is suitable for the production of lithium ion battery electrolyte, reducing consumption of natural resources.

Commercial lithium-ion batteries

In the commercial lithium ion battery electrolyte is usually dissolved organic carbonate solvent base of six lithium fluoride phosphate (LiPF6).These solvents are volatile and flammable, thus may cause severe chemical hazards in harsh conditions, and may cause a fire3.

In addition, the LiPF6 has thermal instability, temperature, about 343 k in organic solvent base electrolyte decomposition, produce toxic and corrosive hydrogen fluoride.Therefore, hydrogen fluoride may react with the battery components, released from the anode transition metal, and the corrosion current collector.This process the heat generated by the may cause thermal runaway, not only adversely affect the performance of the battery, will cause pollution to water and soil, in the process of recycling can also harm to people's health4.

Given the current, a large number of lithium ion batteries are entering daily charge and discharge cycle, therefore, it is necessary to replace the existing in the lithium ion battery of fluorine and flammable organic solvents, in order to improve the new generation of security and performance of the battery.For this, the researchers of many new type of lithium battery component tests, but most of them in application and electrochemical performance of the application of heat is very unstable5.

However, some of the introduction of aryl lithium show higher thermal stability, and soluble in organic solvent or ionic liquid, and thus have great potential in battery application6.Therefore, ionic liquid is becoming a lithium ion battery electrolyte potential alternative materials.

Ionic liquid electrolytes,

Refers to the molten salt at room temperature ionic liquids, the non-flammable, and has high thermal stability and good ionic conductivity.As a result, they expected to become lithium ion batteries currently used volatile organic solvent base electrolyte safer alternative materials7.Determine, in ionic liquids will be used in lithium ion batteries, four is the most effective cationic alkyl ammonium, cyclic aliphatic and imidazoline quaternary ammonium7.

Recently, researchers are conducting research related, trying to use renewable resources to the preparation of these non-fresno electrolytes8.For example, in a recent study, researchers used from the mass produce anion of biomass and agricultural waste, made of fluorine-free electrolyte - using lignocellulose biomass was 2 - furoic acid.It is hoped that this process will help to develop renewable battery electrolyte.

Researchers using brooke Ascend Aeon WB 400 spectrometer and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum analysis, obtained the structure characterization of lithium and electrolytes, and use the brooke Avance spectrometer III, through spin echo pulse gradient field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, NMR diffusion and relaxation values;Then, use with deuterium three generation of sulfuric acid glycine (DTGS) detector and diamond ATR accessory brooke IFS 80 v spectrometer, obtain the samples of Fourier transform attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (atr-ftir).

Scientists have found that the electrolyte decomposition temperature is higher than 568 k, and in a wider temperature range showed acceptable ionic conductivity.Pulse gradient field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis confirmed that the lithium ions in the electrolyte carboxylate functional groups in the strong interaction, and temperature range in the whole research, diffusion velocity is lower than other ions.In addition, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum and Fourier transform infrared spectrum also confirmed that the interaction of the lithium ion and carboxylic acid group.

Lithium ion migration has increased with the increase of the concentration of lithium.Linear sweep voltammetry show that under the condition of the temperature of more than 313 k, lithium ion owe potential deposition and volume reduction will happen.

These data proved by high cost efficiency, good environmental protection and sustainability of technology to develop with thermal stability and electrochemical stability of fluorine-free electrolyte is feasible.We hope that this research will help the industry began to overcome the safety of the lithium ion battery, recyclability, availability, affordability and the service life of challenges.

Brooke's unique technology portfolio covers the lithium ion battery supply chain and value chain of each link, including new electrolyte formula used to described in this article the analysis of the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.At the same time, brooke's technology also covers on the lithium metal anode material deposition (called lithium coating) research - is the key technology of the study using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)2.In addition, solid state magic Angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer was used to understand the ion mobility in the process of battery charging and discharging.Finally, the sensitivity enhancement of cryogenic cooling CP - MAS probe was used to identify and measure the battery recycling process of black valuable trace elements in the material.In the circular economy concept was applied to the battery industry in the process of magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis aided by new recovery process also played a crucial role.

References:

  1. Scrosati, B Garche j. Lithium Batteries: the Status and Prospects and Future. J. Power Sources, 2010, 195, 2419-2430.
  2. Loftus PJ, Cohen AM, Long JCS, Jenkins JDA. A Critical Review of Global Decarbonization Scenarios: What Do They Tell Us About the Feasibility?Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Clim. Change 2015, 6 combine - 112.
  3. Wang Q, Ping P, Zhao X, et al. The Thermal Runaway under Caused the Fire and Explosion of Lithium Ion '. J. Power Sources, 2012, 208, 210-224.
  4. Panero Contestabile M, S, Scrosati co Laboratory - Scale Lithium - Ion 'Process Process. J. Power Sources, 2001, 92, 65-69.
  5. Barbarich TJ, Driscoll PF, Izquierdo S, et al. A New Family of Lithium Salts for Highly Conductive Nonaqueous Electrolytes. Inorg. Chem. 2004, 43776-7773.
  6. Those M, Johansson P, Bukowska M, et al. The Review - Development of Hu ̈ ckel Type Anions雷竞技怎么下载: From Molecular Modeling to Industrial Commercialization. A Success Story. J. Electrochem. Soc., 2020, 167, No. 070562.
  7. Appetecchi GB, Montanino M, Passerini s. Ionic Liquid - -based Electrolytes for High - Energy Lithium Batteries. In Ionic Liquids: Science and Applications;Visser, a. e.;Bridges, n. j.;Rogers, r. D., Eds.;The ACS Symposium Series 1117;Oxford University Press, Inc., American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 2013;Pp. 67-128.
  8. Khan IA, Gnezdilov OL, Filippov A, et al. The Ion Transport and Electrochemical Properties of Fluorine - Free Lithium - Ion 'Electrolytes Derived from Biomass. The ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c00939